At a conference that I recently attended I overhead two teachers talking. They were discussing a lesson for American History. I inferred they were lower elementary teachers since some of the activities they discussed usually take place in first and second grades.
It was very hard to not wedge myself into their conversation. They were discussing one of our foremost American heroesGeorge Washington. There are many false stories out there surrounding the man that is remembered as being first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of our countrymen and these two educators had bought into all of them. Yikes!
I guess the reason why their ignorance struck such a cord with me is I began the French and Indian War earlier this week as an introduction to the American Revolution. For my purposes it is not necessary to cover the entire French and Indian War. I hit the causes and the results which is kind of sad because there are several interesting tidbits c oncerning this time period. I would introduce more information but we do tend to be a bit standards anal these days, and time is my enemy. I do feel, however, that if we teach social studies we should take the time to de mythisize History.
One of the first things I do is I ask the students to tell me things about George Washington. Out jot list includes: hes on the dollar bill, hes on the quarter, he never told a lie, he cut down a cherry tree, he had wooden teeth, he could throw a silver dollar across a river, he wore a wig, and he was our first president. I tell the kids that unfortunately History is full of Myths that get handed down from generation to generation and people believe them for so long it is as if they are fact. I take a marker and draw a line through all of the Myths leaving only the money facts and the first president fact on our list. They are shocked. But my mom said., But my teacher said
Anytime we de mythisize History in my classroom I make sure students realize the reasons behind the Myths. We talk about revisionists (like Disney), we discuss how new information is discovered, and we discuss the motives behind changing History to leave out groups of people. I make sure students realize no one is trying to pull the wool over their eyes, especially their parents and former teachers. I certainly dont want to break a bond of trust within the family.
I share the following with students.
George W ashingtons family (on both sides) had been in the colonies for at least 2 generations. He considered himself a Virginian, however, his loyalties were with the King of Britain. He was British. He was a soldier in the British army. I tell the kids to close their gaping mouths and think for a minute. I remind students that we are talking about a time period before the United States. We look at our map again. I remind them that everyone who lived in the 13 colonies were not citizens of the United States but were citizens of British colonies and were loyal to the King.
This is very powerful for nine year olds to grasp. They hear George Washington and automatically think United States. I make sure in my lesson I remind them that George is British several times while we tackle the Myths they have lear ned.
Teeth-GW did not have wooden teeth. He did have false teeth but they made from various materials------cows teeth, human teeth, and ivory. One dependable source stated he had a set of teeth that were lead and weighed as much as three pounds. These false teeth would have had springs to allow him to open and close his mouth. These would have been very uncomfortable which explains why GW is not seen with a toothy grin in any of his pictures.
A great throw-It is routinely shared with schoolchildren that George Washington once threw a silver dollar across the Potomac River. That would have been impossible since the Potomac is very wide and silver dollars would not have existed at the time the story takes place. Later Washingtons step-grandson theorized that there had been a mix-up in the story. He verified Washington had thrown a piece of slate across the Rappahannock River where he lived at Ferry Farm, his childhood home. The Rappahannocks banks are much c loser together than the Potomacs.
Expert with an ax-You know, I saw this myth debunked a few years ago in Weekly Readerwhy is it still hanging around? Mason Weems, an early biographer of Washingtons, made this story up to promote GWs honesty. Family members have verified through the decades that the whole story is bunk.
Weird Powdered Hair-Many historians, including those that work at Mount Vernon, have verified GW did not wear a wig. He hated them. He powdered his own red/brown hair and braided it down the back to comply with the style.
Here are some non-Myths (at least until they are proven otherwise):
*GW was the only president to be elected unanimously *GW was a slave owner with 300 plus souls under his control. *GW used slave laws to his advantage. He took his favorite cook, a male slave named Hercules, to Pennsylvania to prepare his meals. At the time Pennsylvania had a law that slaves within the colony would be free after residing in the colony for six months. GW always sent Hercules home before the end of the six month period. Eventually Hercules ran away and GW never found him. *Upon his death GWs will ordered his slaves freed, and he ordered that funds be set aside to help the elderly and to educate the young. *GW, like Thomas Jefferson, is now rumored to have fathered a slave child of his own. However, many people dispute this and state that more than likely GW was unable to father children. He may have had TB earlier in his life and this may have caused him to be sterile. Some state that a Washington probably fathered the child in question, but not George Washington. *GW didnt lack for children. He fathered his step-children and grandchildren. He and Martha also took in several children belonging to friends or family at various times. GW even took in the Marquis de Lafayettes son during the French Revolution. *The hemp plant was grown at Mount Vernon so some folks like to think GW knew something about pot. I think the plant was more than likely used for rope. *We can thank GW for the Bible being part of the presidential inauguration ceremony and the words So help me God which he added himself. *Upon her husbands death Martha Washington burned all of her and her husbands correspondence---only two or three letters survive. *GWs horses had their teeth brushed each morning. Was he planning on using them in a new set of dentures? *It is a wonder he ever made it to serve as our first president. As a young man he suffered malaria, smallpox, pleurisy, dysentery, a near drowning in an icy river, shot at and missed by an Indian standing less than 50 away, and had two horses shot out from underneath him *GW survived a close call with a duel with a man named Payne---problems ended when GW offered his hand as a sign of apology and friendship *GW turned down a salary from Congress and insisted that he be paid only for his expenses. His salary would have been $500. By accepting an expense only arrangement during the 8 years of war GW was owed $447,220.
Some might argue that it doesn't hurt the American public to believe their first president had superhuman throwing strength and never told a lie but we also need to understand our leaders are mortal men and women. They have the same fears, bad habits, and mortality that we do. Their greatness comes in the manner they overcome their shortcomings, the honing of their skills in leadership and delegation of duties, and their desire and constant effort at doing the right thing all the time.
Lisa Cooper enjoys introducing American History to fourth and fifth graders. You can contact Lisa at Teachingsocialstudies@consultant.com
Author:: Lisa Cooper
Keywords:: History, Teaching, George Washington, Myths
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