Drawing by copying is useful for beginners. It lets one practice style and methods of drawing without being concerned about the exact subject matter. Accuracy in eye measurement comes with copying.
Copying also gives training to the eye by allowing one to correct mistakes in the estimates of lengths.
A second type of drawing, perspective or object drawing, gives a knowledge of form and construction. The relations and relative sizes of objects to each other are learned through drawing them.
Finally, imaginary drawings enable an artist to express thought and impart ideas.
These three types of drawing support and help the others:
-- Copying shows one how.
-- In object drawing one sees how.
-- With imaginative drawing one thinks how.
Eye Measurements Practice measuring by eye with this simple exercise:
-- Draw a line four inches long and divide it in half, just by looking at it with the unaided eye.
-- Draw another li ne and divide it into thirds.
-- Do it yet again, dividing the line into fourths.
-- Repeat this exercise with lines of different lengths.
To check your progress, measure the length of each segment after you've divided it solely by eye. Did you come close to halves, or thirds? Practice until you do.
Proportion Accurate eye measurement is required to draw figures in proper proportion. If the head is drawn twice as long as it should be, the whole figure looks out of proportion because the head seems unnatural.
Body sizes should be compared to each other, and made in sizes relative to their proportions. This takes practice, close observation and an ability to measure with the eye.
An effective exercise for learning to draw relative proportions is to use some ordinary object as a standard measure and draw it carefully. Then place other objects next to it and draw them. Use simple objects of different shapes and sizes.
For a more advanced exercise draw place two objects of different sizes together, such as a cardboard box with an apple on top. Draw these in relative proportion, or practice drawing them until you can. Then, from memory, add a third object to this scene, drawing it in relative proportion to the two objects already there.
Do this exercise over and over with the same starting two objects (box and apple) but add different third objects from memory.
How to Measure Hold a pencil up with your arm extended away from you. Mark the length, width or height of the object with your thumb on the pencil. Transfer this measurement to the drawing and use it as the standard measurement to which others will be gauged. For example, when drawing a house, hold the pencil out and line up the end with one corner of the base of the house. Put your thumb on the pencil at the point where the other side of the house is located. Transfer this to paper and use this measure, the width of the house, as a standar d for making other relative measurements.
Scale Of Drawings One of the biggest mistakes beginners make is to draw on too small of a scale. In copying pictures from magazines and books the beginner naturally copies it as is, at that size. The beginner usually does not know that the original drawing from which the picture was made was almost certainly much larger.
Varying the scale of drawings is good practice to keep measurement and proportion skills up. Repeat the same drawing at different sizes for a simple exercise.
Drawing from Models Use simple objects you find around you as models. Draw them singly at first and as you advance group them together. Use objects with dull surfaces. These have simple areas of light and dark shade on their surfaces. Shiny objects reflect light and cast complex shadows.
Models with a single color are best at first. The eye will focus on form, not color. Place your model objects against contrasting backgrounds. It is di fficult to discern form when there is no contrast. If the object is dark, place it on a white background. If it is white, place a dark background behind it.
Light And Shade Begin practicing drawing shadows and light by using simple objects as models. These should be objects with simple outlines and very little detail, such as a ball or brick. Place the object on a white piece of paper and direct light from just one source onto it. This will give a shadow from one source only. Practice drawing many objects like this, singly, before drawing more complicated scenes.
James Vincent, creator of a free online version of a drawing course used buy thousands of art students, invites you to Learn How To Draw Now.
Author:: James Vincent
Keywords:: how to draw proportion, how to draw models, how to draw
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